Moore’s Law Part 3 Possible extrapolations over the next 15 years and impact

This is the third entry of a series focused on Moore’s Law and its implications moving forward, edited from a White paper on Moore’s Law, written by Google University Relations Manager Michel Benard. This series quotes major sources about Moore’s Law and explores how they believe Moore’s Law will likely continue over the course of the next several years. We will also explore if there are fields other than digital electronics that either have an emerging Moores Law situation, or promises for such a Law that would drive their future performance.

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More Moore
We examine data from the ITRS 2012 Overall Roadmap Technology Characteristics (ORTC 2012), and select notable interpolations; The chart below shows chip size trends up to the year 2026 along with the “Average Moore’s Law” line. Additionally, in the ORTC 2011 tables we find data on 3D chip layer increases (up to 128 layers), including costs. Finally, the ORTC 2011 index sheet estimates that the DRAM cost per bit at production will be ~0.002 microcents per bit by ~2025. From these sources we draw three More Moore (MM) extrapolations, that by the year 2025:

• 4Tb Flash multi-level cell (MLC) memory will be in production
• There will be ~100 billion transistors per microprocessing unit (MPU)
• 1TB RAM Memory will cost less than $100

More than Moore
It should be emphasized that “More than Moore” (MtM) technologies do not constitute an alternative or even a competitor to the digital trend as described by Moore’s Law. In fact, it is the heterogeneous integration of digital and non-digital functionalities into compact systems that will be the key driver for a wide variety of application fields. Whereas MM may be viewed as the brain of an intelligent compact system, MtM refers to its capabilities to interact with the outside world and the users.

As such, functional diversification may be regarded as a complement of digital signal and data processing in a product. This includes the interaction with the outside world through sensors and actuators and the subsystem for powering the product, implying analog and mixed signal processing, the incorporation of passive and/or high-voltage components, micro-mechanical devices enabling biological functionalities, and more. While MtM looks very promising for a variety of diversification topics, the ITRS study does not give figures from which “solid” extrapolations can be made. However, we can make safe/not so safe bets going towards 2025, and examine what these extrapolations mean in terms of the user.

Today we have a 1TB hard disk drives (HDD) for $100, but the access speed to data on the disk does not allow to take full advantage of this data in a fully interactive, or even practical, way. More importantly, the size and construction of HDD does not allow for their incorporation into mobile devices, Solid state drives (SSD), in comparison, have similar data transfer rates (~1Gb/s), latencies typically 100 times less than HDD, and have a significantly smaller form factor with no moving parts. The promise of offering several TB of flash memory, cost effectively by 2025, in a device carried along during the day (e.g. smartphone, watch, clothing, etc.) represents a paradigm shift with regard of today’s situation; it will empower the user by moving him/her from an environment where local data needs to be refreshed frequently (as with augmented reality applications) to a new environment where full contextual data will be available locally and refreshed only when critically needed.

If data is pre-loaded in the order of magnitude of TBs, one will be able to get a complete contextual data set loaded before an action or a movement, and the device will dispatch its local intelligence to the user during the progress of the action, regardless of network availability or performance. This opens up the possibility of combining local 3D models and remote inputs, allowing applications like 3D conferencing to become available. The development and use of 3D avatars could even facilitate many social interaction models. To benefit from such applications the use of personal devices such as Google Glass may become pervasive, allowing users to navigate 3D scenes and environments naturally, as well as facilitating 3D conferencing and their “social” interactions.

The opportunities for more discourse on the impact and future of Moore’s Law on CS and other disciplines are abundant, and can be continued with your comments on the Research at Google Google+ page. Please join, and share your thoughts.

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Collection of SQL queries with Answer and Output Set 3

Here is a collection or a list of 38 SQL Queries with Answers as well as output. You can write your answer at the text box below each query any time you can see the table structure by clicking on Table Structure. And check your Answer by clicking on Answer. You can test your Skill in SQL. You can also go for an online Quiz in SQL in one of my previous posts: Click here for Quiz. More queries will be added to this post within few days, visit again!!!

Happy learning!!!
Carry on....
You can also share your queries in this site. Use this Link to share your part with the visitors like you.

SQL Query collection: Set1 Set2 Set3 Set 4

Below is the Table Structure using which you have to form the queries:


1) Who is the highest paid C programmer?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT * FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SALARY=(SELECT MAX(SALARY)
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE PROF1 LIKE C OR PROF2 LIKE C)

2) Who is the highest paid female cobol programmer?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT * FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SALARY=(SELECT MAX(SALARY)
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE (PROF1 LIKE COBOL OR PROF2 LIKE COBOL))
AND SEX LIKE F

3) Display the name of the HIGEST paid programmer for EACH language (prof1)

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT DISTINCT NAME, SALARY, PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE (SALARY,PROF1) IN (SELECT MAX(SALARY),PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1)

4) Who is the LEAST experienced programmer?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOJ)/365) EXP,NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOJ)/365) = (SELECT MIN(FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOJ)/365))
FROM PROGRAMMER)

5) Who is the MOST experienced programmer?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOJ)/365) EXP,NAME,PROF1,PROF2
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOJ)/365) = (SELECT MAX(FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOJ)/365))
FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND (PROF1 LIKE COBOL OR PROF2 LIKE COBOL)

6) Which language is known by ONLY ONE programmer?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1
HAVING PROF1 NOT IN
(SELECT PROF2 FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND COUNT(PROF1)=1
UNION
SELECT PROF2
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF2
HAVING PROF2 NOT IN
(SELECT PROF1 FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND COUNT(PROF2)=1;

7) Who is the YONGEST programmer knowing DBASE?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOB)/365) AGE, NAME, PROF1, PROF2
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOB)/365) = (SELECT MIN(FLOOR((SYSDATE-DOB)/365))
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE PROF1 LIKE DBASE OR PROF2 LIKE DBASE)

8) Which institute has MOST NUMBER of students?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT SPLACE
FROM STUDIES
GROUP BY SPLACE
HAVING COUNT(SPLACE)= (SELECT MAX(COUNT(SPLACE))
FROM STUDIES GROUP BY SPLACE)

9) Who is the above programmer?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE PROF1 IN (SELECT PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1
HAVING PROF1 NOT IN (SELECT PROF2 FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND COUNT(PROF1)=1
UNION
SELECT PROF2
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF2
HAVING PROF2 NOT IN (SELECT PROF1 FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND COUNT(PROF2)=1))
UNION
SELECT NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE PROF2 IN (SELECT PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1
HAVING PROF1 NOT IN (SELECT PROF2 FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND COUNT(PROF1)=1
UNION
SELECT PROF2
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF2
HAVING PROF2 NOT IN (SELECT PROF1 FROM PROGRAMMER)
AND COUNT(PROF2)=1))

10) Which female programmer earns MORE than 3000/- but DOES NOT know C, C++, Oracle or Dbase?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT * FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SEX LIKE F
AND SALARY >3000
AND (PROF1 NOT IN(C,C++,ORACLE,DBASE)
OR PROF2 NOT IN(C,C++,ORACLE,DBASE))

11) Which is the COSTLIEST course?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT COURSE
FROM STUDIES
WHERE CCOST = (SELECT MAX(CCOST) FROM STUDIES)

12) Which course has been done by MOST of the students?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT COURSE
FROM STUDIES
GROUP BY COURSE
HAVING COUNT(COURSE)= (SELECT MAX(COUNT(COURSE))
FROM STUDIES
GROUP BY COURSE)

13) Display name of the institute and course Which has below AVERAGE course fee?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT SPLACE,COURSE
FROM STUDIES
WHERE CCOST < (SELECT AVG(CCOST) FROM STUDIES)

14) Which institute conducts COSTLIEST course?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT SPLACE
FROM STUDIES
WHERE CCOST = (SELECT MAX(CCOST) FROM STUDIES)

15) Which course has below AVERAGE number of students?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT COURSE
FROM STUDIES
HAVING COUNT(NAME)<(SELECT AVG(COUNT(NAME))
FROM STUDIES
GROUP BY COURSE)
GROUP BY COURSE;

16) Which institute conducts the above course?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT SPLACE
FROM STUDIES
WHERE COURSE IN (SELECT COURSE
FROM STUDIES
HAVING COUNT(NAME) < (SELECT AVG(COUNT(NAME))
FROM STUDIES
GROUP BY COURSE)
GROUP BY COURSE);

17) Display names of the course WHOSE fees are within 1000(+ or -) of the AVERAGE fee.

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT COURSE
FROM STUDIES
WHERE CCOST < (SELECT AVG(CCOST)+1000 FROM STUDIES)
AND CCOST > (SELECT AVG(CCOST)-1000 FROM STUDIES)

18) Which package has the HIGEST development cost?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT TITLE,DCOST
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE DCOST = (SELECT MAX(DCOST) FROM SOFTWARE)

19) Which package has the LOWEST selling cost?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT TITLE,SCOST
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SCOST = (SELECT MIN(SCOST) FROM SOFTWARE)

20) Who developed the package, which has sold the LEAST number of copies?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME,SOLD
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SOLD = (SELECT MIN(SOLD) FROM SOFTWARE)

21) Which language was used to develop the package WHICH has the HIGEST sales amount?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT DEV_IN,SCOST
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SCOST = (SELECT MAX(SCOST) FROM SOFTWARE)

22) How many copies of the package that has the LEAST DIFFRENCE between development and selling cost were sold?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT SOLD,TITLE
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE TITLE = (SELECT TITLE
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE (DCOST-SCOST)=(SELECT MIN(DCOST-SCOST) FROM SOFTWARE))

23) Which is the COSTLIEAST package developed in PASCAL?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT TITLE
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE DCOST = (SELECT MAX(DCOST)
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE DEV_IN LIKE PASCAL)

24) Which language was used to develop the MOST NUMBER of package?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT DEV_IN FROM SOFTWARE
GROUP BY DEV_IN
HAVING MAX(DEV_IN) = (SELECT MAX(DEV_IN) FROM SOFTWARE)

25) Which programmer has developed the HIGEST NUMBER of package?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME FROM SOFTWARE
GROUP BY NAME
HAVING MAX(NAME) = (SELECT MAX(NAME) FROM SOFTWARE)

26) Who is the author of the COSTLIEST package?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME,DCOST
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE DCOST = (SELECT MAX(DCOST) FROM SOFTWARE)

27) Display names of packages WHICH have been sold LESS THAN the AVERAGE number of copies?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT TITLE
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SOLD < (SELECT AVG(SOLD) FROM SOFTWARE)

28) Who are the female programmers earning MORE than the HIGEST paid male programmers?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SEX LIKE F
AND SALARY > (SELECT(MAX(SALARY))
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SEX LIKE M)

29) Which language has been stated as prof1 by MOST of the programmers?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1
HAVING PROF1 = (SELECT MAX(PROF1)
FROM PROGRAMMER)

30) Who are the authors of packages, WHICH have recovered MORE THAN double the development cost?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME distinct
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SOLD*SCOST > 2*DCOST

31) Display programmer names and CHEAPEST package developed by them in EACH language?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME,TITLE
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE DCOST IN (SELECT MIN(DCOST)
FROM SOFTWARE
GROUP BY DEV_IN)

32) Who is the YOUNGEST male programmer born in 1965?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE DOB=(SELECT (MAX(DOB))
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE TO_CHAR(DOB,YYYY) LIKE 1965)

33) Display language used by EACH programmer to develop the HIGEST selling and LOWEST selling package.

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME, DEV_IN
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SOLD IN (SELECT MAX(SOLD)
FROM SOFTWARE
GROUP BY NAME)
UNION
SELECT NAME, DEV_IN
FROM SOFTWARE
WHERE SOLD IN (SELECT MIN(SOLD)
FROM SOFTWARE
GROUP BY NAME)

34) Who is the OLDEST female programmer WHO joined in 1992

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE DOJ=(SELECT (MIN(DOJ))
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE TO_CHAR(DOJ,YYYY) LIKE 1992)

35) In WHICH year where the MOST NUMBER of programmer born?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT DISTINCT TO_CHAR(DOB,YYYY)
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE TO_CHAR(DOJ,YYYY) = (SELECT MIN(TO_CHAR(DOJ,YYYY))
FROM PROGRAMMER)

36) In WHICH month did MOST NUMBRER of programmer join?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT DISTINCT TO_CHAR(DOJ,MONTH)
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE TO_CHAR(DOJ,MON) = (SELECT MIN(TO_CHAR(DOJ,MON))
FROM PROGRAMMER)

37) In WHICH language are MOST of the programmers proficient?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT PROF1
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1
HAVING COUNT(PROF1)=(SELECT MAX(COUNT(PROF1))
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1)
OR COUNT(PROF2)=(SELECT MAX(COUNT(PROF2))
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF2)
UNION
SELECT PROF2
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF2
HAVING COUNT(PROF1)=(SELECT MAX(COUNT(PROF1))
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF1)
OR COUNT(PROF2)=(SELECT MAX(COUNT(PROF2))
FROM PROGRAMMER
GROUP BY PROF2)

38) Who are the male programmers earning BELOW the AVERAGE salary of female programmers?

Table Structure

Write your answer hereAnswer

SELECT NAME
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SEX LIKE M
AND SALARY < (SELECT(AVG(SALARY))
FROM PROGRAMMER
WHERE SEX LIKE F)

SQL Query collection: Set1 Set2 Set3 Set 4

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What happens if your Government unfriends you

Sounds crazy right? Perhaps not if youre Chinese. China is launching a system that gives a score to every citizen. This is partially similar to the credit scoring systems that Western nations have used for years, but it also includes a component that measures the political trustworthiness of citizens. If you are a political critic of the Government your score will go down. But, whats really sinister is that if your friends have low ratings, your rating will be reduced. This social network may encourage people to "unfriend" any friends that show dissent. We in the west are perhaps used to, and certainly aware of the fact, that our spy masters have access to our social media accounts. China is taking this a step further by building a social network into the states functioning. Read this article from the American Civil Liberties Union for more on this story. Thanks to my colleague Mark Wilson for this story.

from The Universal Machine http://universal-machine.blogspot.com/

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IBM spends 3 billion to push the far future of computer chips

IBM has announced that it is investing $3 billion over the next five years to develop processors with much smaller, more tightly packed electronics than todays chips, and to sustain computing progress even after todays manufacturing technology runs out of steam. The problem is we are just physically finding it impossible to miniaturise silicon chips any more (no pun intended). Read this Cnet article to learn more.

from The Universal Machine http://universal-machine.blogspot.com/

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Introducing videolooper 3 0

Introducing videolooper 3.0!!

This image is compatible with the A,B,B+, and B 2 versions. 

I have a brand new version of the Raspberry Pi Videolooper that is compatible with the new B V2 and has a bunch of new features that streamline it for easy use.
It can now loop one video seamlessly (without audio though) thanks to a solution from the talented individual over at Curioustechnologist.com (link here). And again thanks to Tim Schwartz as well (link here).

You can download the new image here:

https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=e0f17bd2b1ffe81!411&authkey=!AGW37ozZuaeyjDw&ithint=file%2czip

MIRROR: https://mega.co.nz/#!JBcDxLhQ!z41lixcpCS0-zvF2X9SkX-T98Gj5I4m3QIFjXKiZ5p4

For help you can post on the Raspberry Pi subreddit (probably the best way to get fast help) or email me (be forewarned, I respond intermittently and sporadically)

Normally I try to avoid statements like this but Im having some unforeseen financial setbacks lately so Im breaking my rule. If any of you really like this software and have money to spare, please consider donating some money by clicking my paypal button at the bottom of the page. It would really help. Thanks

How to set up the looper

1. Copy this image to an SD card following these directions
2. If you want to use USB, change usb=0 to usb=1 in looperconfig.txt on the SD card (It is in the boot partition which can be read by Windows and Mac).
3. If you want to disable the looping autostart to make copying files easier, change autostart=1 to autostart=0 in looperconfig.txt
4. If you want to change the audio source to 3.5 mm, change audio_source=hdmi to audio_source=local in looperconfig.txt.
5. If you want to play a seamless video (supports only one for now), convert it according to these directions, put it in the videos folder, and then change seamless=0 to seamless=name-of-your-video.h264 in looperconfig.txt. (NOTE: This video wont have audio so take that into account).
6. You may also want to expand your filesystem to it your SD card by using sudo raspi-config.
7. If you arent using a USB (NTFS) put your video files in the /home/pi/videos directory with SFTP or by turning autostart off. Otherwise, put your video files in a directory named videos on the root directory of your USB.
8. Set your config options and plug it in!

Features

• NEW: Has an audio_source flag in the config file (audio_source=hdmi,audio_source=local)
• NEW: Has a seamless flag in the config file (seamless=0,seamless=some-file.h264)
• NEW: Has a new boot up splash screen
• NEW: Compatible with the RPi B2 (1 GB RAM version)
• NEW: Updated all packages (no heartbleed vulnerability, new omxplayer version)
• Has a config file in the boot directory (looperconfig.txt)
• Has a autostart flag in the config file (autostart=0,autostart=1)
• Has a USB flag in the config file (usb=0,usb=1), just set usb=1, then plug a USB (NTFS) with a videos folder on it and boot
• Only requires 4GB SD card and has a smaller zipped download file
• Supports all raspberry pi video types (mp4,avi,mkv,mp3,mov,mpg,flv,m4v)
• Supports subtitles (just put the srt file in the same directory as the videos)
• Reduces time between videos
• Allows spaces and special characters in the filename
• Full screen with a black background and no flicker
• SSH automatically enabled with user:pi and password:raspberry
• Allows easy video conversion using ffmpeg (ffmpeg INFILE -sameq OUTFILE)
• Has a default of HDMI audio output with one quick file change (replace -o hdmi with -o local in startvideos.sh).
• Can support external HDDs and other directories easily with one quick file change (Change FILES=/home/pi/videos/ to FILES=/YOUR DIRECTORY/ in startvideos.sh)

Source code

The source code can be found on github here. 

This is perfect if you are working on a museum or school exhibit. Dont spend a lot of money and energy on a PC running windows and have problems like below (courtesy of the Atlanta Aquarium)!

If you are a museum or other educationally based program and need help, you can post on the Raspberry Pi subreddit (probably the best way to get fast help) or contact me by e-mail at help@stevenhickson.com

Consider donating to further my tinkering since I do all this and help people out for free.

Places you can find me

• Facebook
• Google+
• Linkedin
• Blogspot
• Google-Code
• Github
• YouTube
• Twitter

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